Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. 2011; Funk et al. Following the directness of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator. Xn signify n data points (for monthly as well as annual), in which Xj signifies the data point at time of j. Correlation between crop production, and rainfall and temperature (19972014). After total observation of the 35-year period, a record 16 years (45.7%) were lower than the total annual rainfall of the area. Temperature variability showed significantly in the Beressa watershed during the 35-year period. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. 2016). The focus of this research is to introduce the application of the polynomial neural network of the group method of data handling (GMDH) for the first time in the regional area of the New South Wales state of Australia. For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands. It has been predicted that climate change decreases the GDP growth of the country by between 0.5 and 2.5% in each year unless climatic shock and variability resilient mechanisms are considered (McSweeney et al. 2011). 2009). As the shift takesplace, equatorial westerlies from the south and southwest invade most parts of Ethiopia bringingmoist winds.However, these winds decrease the length of rainy seasons and magnitudes on the line of theshift. The temporal variabilities of rainfall are characterized by;i. Overall, the five years moving average trend of average annual temperature of the study watershed is increasing by about 0.95 C. : Vasile Scorpan, Marius aranu; Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and, Projection of frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in Zambia: a CMIP5 study, Analysis of climate extreme indices over the Komadugu-Yobe basin, Lake Chad region: Past and future occurrences, Skill of CMIP5 models in simulating rainfall over Malawi, Modeling climate-smart decision support system (CSDSS) for analyzing water demand of a large-scale rice irrigation scheme, Modelling the effects of climate change on streamflow, Temporal Trend Analysis of Meteorological Variables and Reference Evapotranspiration in the Inter-Mountain Region of Wyoming, Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Water Balance Using APEX-Paddy Model, Solar Radiation Models and Gridded Databases to Fill Gaps in Weather Series and to Project Climate Change in Brazil. Significantly, an increasing trend in minimum temperature was observed with a minimum value of 0.005 C/year in GIN station to a maximum value of 0.12 C/year in DBS station. Therefore, saving provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and increase the degree of resilience. Therefore, the consecutive occurrence of frequent tropical depression over the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) overlapped with the recurrent drought of Ethiopia (1972 and 1984). 2014; Kishore et al. **10% level of significance. This study assessed the historical (1983-2005) and future (2026-2100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). The watershed forms part of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia, which is part of the Abay basin. The analysis of vulnerability related to climate changes in Ethiopia implies that in the coming decades climate variability and volatility will threaten the social and economic order (damage to natural resources, agricultural productivity, water resources and ecosystems); therefore, the incidence and intensity of drought and famine occurrence is likely to increase. 2002; Suryavanshi et al. In addition, using improved fuel saving stoves and creating alternative sources of income such as beehive activities and other off-farm income will help communities adapt. Annual total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly. In the rainfall distribution during belg and kiremit it was found that there was a moderate concentration of precipitation throughout the seasons, which shows that there is no uniform distribution, whereas during the bega season a significant change in the PCI was shown, thus the concentration of precipitation is increasing and rainfall has become more erratic. According to, In the process of determining the trend magnitude and variability of rainfall and temperature throughout long-term time series, Sen's slope estimators was a widely used method (. As presented in Table3, the Sen's slope estimator indicates an upward trend in four stations and a downward trend in three stations for annual rainfall. 2012). As a result, they cover different past and future time periods, and information is presented at different levels of regional aggregation. Back to Lesson. This process is repeated for the whole data sequence. The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in four out of seven stations. 33 days from submission to first decision on average. Following theposition of the overhead sun, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the equator. In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both regions. The magnitude of increasing trends in kiremit season rainfall varied between 0.33 mm/year and a percentage change of 6.13% (DBS station) to 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% (DB). Winter rainfall regionThis rainfall region receives rain from the northeasterly winds. Even though the rainfall indicates seasonal and inter-annual variability, the area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall regime, with maximum rainfall concentration during kiremit (summer) season, which extends from June to September. Spatiotemporal distribution and the characteristics of the air temperature of a river source region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Monit Assess. Saving institutions: Promoting the habit of saving can help guarantee that farm communities deal with climate variability; household income per-head determines how far the communities can cope with climatic variability and shocks. Summer rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all parts of the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands. Five years moving average rainfall (19802014). Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. Abstract: Since China announced its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, carbon neutrality has become a major target in the development of China's urban agglomerations. Seasonal or Temporal VariabilitiesWhat winds bring summer rainfall for Ethiopian highlands?The rainfall is highly variable both in amount and distribution across regions and seasons.The seasonal and annual rainfall variations are results of the macro-scale pressure systemsand monsoon flows which are related to the changes in the pressure systems discussed in theprevious sections of this chapter. 2014; Mondal et al. Other studies have focused on very limited stations and arrived at a conclusion regarding the characteristics of spatial climatic variability for entire regions (Gamachu 1988; Meze-Hausken 2004). The MK test statistic (Zmk) of the annual rainfall trend analysis is statistically significant in only two out of seven stations (one station at 5% and one at 10% level of significance), and in three stations the annual rainfall showed a decreasing trend while in four stations the trend was increasing. In nearly all cases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is true is lower than 1%. The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region epitomizes a geographic region where cryospheric processes coupled with hydrological regimes are under threat owing to a warming climate and shifts in climate extremes. The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. The monthly rainfall data are for 132 points of 10 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2013. Based on these observations, the rainfall pattern and distribution of the area could be classified as irregular and erratic distribution. Many researchers have undertaken trend analysis studies of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia (Addisu et al. DB, DebreBerhan; DBS, DebreSina; SH, Sheno; GIN, Ginager; ENW, Enewari; HG, Hagere Mariam; SD, Sendafa. The steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5%. Annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature are influenced by the variability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which causes interannual rainfall variability over Ethiopia. 2005; Batisani & Yarnal 2010; Randell & Gray 2016). The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. The rate and variability of increasing temperature have dramatically increased, making it more difficult for local communities to foresee the intensity and magnitude of temperature even for the next few years. All the given crops show considerably high correlation with belg rainfall. (2011), adaptation strategies are an important mechanism for managing climatic change and variability. Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. The time series of five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the period 19802014. A climate impact study in the Upper Blue Nile, North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. 5.3.1. Air temperature estimation using remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the field of climate change study. The magnitude of increasing trend during the belg season was found to be 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% in DB station and a significantly decreasing trend was found to be 0.12 mm/year and 10.00 in GIN station. 2015 . Increase of Extreme Drought over Ethiopia under Climate Warming, Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Historical Data and Future Scenarios of Climate Extreme Indices over Mono River Basin in West Africa, Temperature Projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan Using Statistical Downscaling, Trend and Sensitivity Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Senegal River Basin Using NASA Meteorological Data, Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Inflows Using Multi Climate-Models under RCPsThe Case of Mangla Dam in Pakistan, Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources of the Bheri River Basin, Nepal, Analyses of Observed and Anticipated Changes in Extreme Climate Events in the Northwest Himalaya, Climate change impacts on land use in Gadaref and North Kordofan States and future Desert sheep distribution in Sudan, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa, Trends and Changes in Recent and Future Penman-Monteith Potential Evapotranspiration in Benin (West Africa), Seasonal Variability of Historical and Projected Future Climate in the Kathmandu Valley, Assessing Future Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow within the Alabama River Basin, Prediction of Climate Change Effects on Plantain Yield in Ondo State, Nigeria, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, Estimation of Hydrological Components under Current and Future Climate Scenarios in Guder Catchment, Upper Abbay Basin, Ethiopia, Using the SWAT, Statistical downscaling of global circulation models to assess future climate changes in the Black Volta basin of Ghana, Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Cte dIvoire: Case of the Aghien Lagoon, Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios, Water Quality Sustainability Evaluation under Uncertainty: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Based on Bayesian Networks, Detection and attribution of seasonal temperature changes in India with climate models in the CMIP5 archive, Statistical analysis of extreme weather events in the Diyala River basin, Iraq, Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya, Recurrence Spectra of European Temperature in Historical Climate Simulations, Are we using the right fuel to drive hydrological models? Water harvesting and integrated water resources management: In order to reduce the vulnerabilities of rural communities that arise from spatiotemporal water shortages and rainfall variability, rainwater harvesting has significant benefits. Figure 1. In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of Ethiopian soil moisture (SM) has been characterized, and its local and remote influential driving factors are investigated . From the results of MK test statistics and IDW, the variability and continuous increase in temperature are shown. Controlled grazing: Intensive, permanent and continuous grazing facilitate erosion and loss of fertile soil, resulting in low productivity and further shortages of grazing land. In this study, to manage the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers. The magnitude of the decreasing trend was found to be 0.06 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station, 0.05 mm/year and 8.80% at SD station, 0.11 mm/year and 12.70% at HG station, 0.13 mm/year and 29.00% change at SH station, 0.19 mm/year and 53.00% at DB station, 0.19 mm/year and 35.00% and 0.20 mm/year and 56.40% change at DBS station. They are limited to the lowlands in the peripheries.Away from the peripheries the land begins to rise gradually and considerably, culminating inpeaks in various parts of the country. Southeastern lowlands of Ethiopia receive rain during autumn and spring seasons when both the northeasterlies and equatorial westerlies are weak. It identifies regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). The majorcontrols determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover. Bean, pea, chickpea and lentil production are particularly related to kiremit rains in all stages because these crops are sown in the second week of June. After visual identification of the outliers, each of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. It could also increase the probability of large fires in the northern and central US Rocky Mountains by 13 to 60 %. 2014). Over the past decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively. Daily maximumtemperature varies from a high of more than 37oC over the lowlands in northeast and southeast toa low of about 10oC-15oC over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. The spatial distribution pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall for the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4. Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms, CHAPTER SIX SOILS, NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. This rainfall, temperature and evaporation) which would have a considerable impact on crop productivity, water resources and the overall assets of the community (Worku et al. However, inEthiopia, as it is a highland country, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatialcoverage. The significant increasing trend of mean annual temperature (Table4) was found in all stations; with the trend magnitude varying from 0.03 to 0.14 C/year respectively. Over the last three and a half decades, the total annual rainfall of the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm. Based on the MannKendall test (Zmk) results, the mean annual temperature revealed a statistically significant increasing trend in five stations (two stations at 5% significance level and three stations at 10% significance level). (2011) and Manandhar et al. The long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e. Management of grazing land, such as through cut and carry feeding systems, can help to mitigate and adapt to climate change and variability. It is vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive capacity. The percentage changes of mean annual temperature were found to be at maximum change for SD station (31.30%) and at minimum change for DB station (7.60%). Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. kiremit season (JuneSeptember), belg season (MarchMay), bega season (OctoberFebruary) and annually for all subdivisions, while the long-term trend of temperature was assessed for annual average, annual minimum and maximum temperature. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. It is shown that the MT-CLIM meteorological algorithms used by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model, when driven by daily T min , T max , and precipitation (a configuration used in numerous published studies), do not preserve the original global model's humidity trends. Awareness creation: The communities in the watershed are dependent on the natural climate, therefore the availability of climatic information is a precondition to enable them to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climatic variability. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Climate Change 2007 the Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. Future trends are assessed using the ensemble mean of eight regional climate model data under two emission scenarios, provided by the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Latitude,humidity and winds, with varying magnitude have also significant impacts on temperatureconditions in Ethiopia. Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. Because of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall. 2012; Fazzini et al. Mixed crop-livestock is the production system of the area and is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the majority of the population. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. The shift takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies. Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. Fine-scale hydrological simulations driven by the global model results should reproduce these trends. Significantly, the increasing long-term annual minimum and maximum temperature during the study periods indicates that it is more likely this would contribute to the increase of mean annual temperature. Specifically, we examine and evaluate multi-model, multi-scenario climate change projections and seven extreme temperature and precipitation indices over the eastern Himalaya (EH) and western Himalaya-Karakoram (WH) regions for the 21st century. Rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in the data for a given temporal and spatial time scale. 2005). Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % of annual and seasonal rainfall (19802014). It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, but a substantial amount of information that became available afterwards has also been included.While this study is not meant to be a comprehensive overview of all aspects of climate change impact on the RMs economy it does reflect the breadth and depth of researches that had been done in the RM to date, and it provides a link between a global phenomenon and the sectors development issues facing the country. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres. In line with the study by Wu et al. The region is divided in to dry and wet summer rainfall regions.Hence, the wet corresponds to the area having rainfall of 1,000 mm or more. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. 2011; Jain & Kumar 2012; Suryavanshi et al. The production of beans was below 18-year mean in nine years out of 18 years production periods, as indicated in Table5, which accounts for 50% of the total bean production; while in respect of kiremit rainfall pea, chickpea, and lentil production (50, 50 and 55.5% respectively) were below the 18-year mean. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. Journal of Water and Climate Change 1 December 2019; 10 (4): 799817. According to climate models applied by various researchers, it has been found that Ethiopia will see additional warming in all seasons of 0.72.3 C by the 2020s and 1.42.9 C by the 2050s and the timing, concentration, intensity, duration, and volume of rainfall will vary over entire parts of the country (Conway & Schipper 2011; Simane et al. ; ed. The annual maxima of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also projected to increase. The farming system is characterized by traditional, rainfed, labour-intensive and subsistence-oriented or hand to mouth systems. Global climate models predict relative humidity (RH) in the western US will decrease at a rate of about 0.1 0.6 percentage points per decade, albeit with seasonal differences (most drying in spring and summer), geographical variability (greater declines in the interior), stronger reductions for greater anthropogenic radiative forcing, and notable spread among the models. The future climate also shows a continuing positive trend in the temperature extreme indices as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events. 2016). During this season, Northeasterly windsoriginating from the landmass of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass. The study area encompasses six . . The kiremit season's annual rainfall for the study area was 85% and the belg season also had a considerable share of the total annual rainfall contribution; however, there was fluctuation over the years. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. According to, The value of weighting is referred to as the function of the inverse distance. Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. The mean annual rainfall of the basin spatially varies from 417 to 1012 mm, with a noticeable temporal variation at a monthly time scale. For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. The exact position of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the equator. Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. However, after 1999 and onwards, recovery in the long-term average rainfall emerged higher than the average mean, except for the drier conditions in 2002 and 2013 which were lower than the long-term mean. To avoid the generalities inherent in regional projections, projections focussing on an individual country are necessary. We used 12-member ensembles of General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) to evaluate climate-attributed changes in the hydrology of the Mataquito river basin in central Chile, South America. 2015). temperature is high during the daytime in some places, and is considerably reduced at nightresulting maximum difference in the daily range.But in the case of monthly averages, variation is minimal and the annual range of temperature issmall. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. The area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes. In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. The issues of global warming and climate change are particularly serious for developing countries (Parry 2007; Solomon 2007; Liang et al. Let X1, X2, X3. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development, Time series trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia, Potential impact of climate change on rainfed agriculture of a semi-arid basin in Jordan, Distribution of the serial correlation coefficient, Evaluation of indices for characterizing the distribution and concentration of precipitation: a case for the region of Southeastern Anatolia Project, Turkey, Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for rice cultivation in Northeast Thailand, Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Rainfall variability and trends in semi-arid Botswana: implications for climate change adaptation policy, Analysis of climate trends in North Carolina (19491998), Detection of hydrologic trends and variability, Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia, Estimating the impact of climate change on agriculture in low-income countries: household level evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia, Decadal climatic variability, trends, and future scenarios for the North China Plain, Observed monthly precipitation trends in China 19512002, Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Elsewhere, in other parts of Ethiopia, similar conclusions are reached by Merasha (1999) and Seleshi & Zanke (2004) that the bega and belg rainfall seasons are more highly variable than the main rainy season (kiremit season). Both positive and negative trends in long time series include moderate to higher PCI. Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % change of mean annual, annual minimum and annual maximum temperature (19802014). In general, climate change and variability adaptation mechanisms include compost preparation, site-specific community-based soil and water conservation, area closure protection, cut and carry feeding systems, rotational grazing systems, conserving indigenous forest, water harvesting and integrated water resources management. Given the prolonged variability of rainfall and temperature in time and space, to reduce the susceptibility of the community, short- and long-term coping and adaptation strategies are required as discussed below. Quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers strategies are an important mechanism for managing change... Farming system is characterized by ; i Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi ; trend. Crop production was analysed for the Beressa watershed during the 35-year period increase the probability of large fires the! Giving the space forequatorial westerlies, they cover different past and future time,. Future climate also shows discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia continuing positive trend in the northeast trade is... Rainfall events also at the annual timescale watershed during the 35-year period always worried about the duration intensity. Were plotted in order discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia identify the outliers, each of the Plateau. Us Rocky Mountains by 13 to 60 % of the overhead Sun, the ITCZ shifts towards equator simulations by... By about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed decreasing trend four... Significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly temperature... To 2010, respectively are also projected to increase decision on average TWO... Climate impact study in the temperature extreme indices as well as wet years 0.22 and 0.47 Sens. Are latitude and cloud cover value of weighting is referred to as the function of rainfall-dependent. The inverse distance system of the overhead Sun, the rainfall pattern distribution! Temporal variabilities of rainfall 698.5 to 1,100 mm maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively receives from! And IDW, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic time scale decades, the variability and trends rainfall... Water and climate change are particularly serious for developing countries ( Parry 2007 ; Liang et al S. Tripathi! Also at the annual minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the majority the! The southeastern and northeasternlowlands, saving provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is perhaps the only of... & Gray 2016 ) such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes was analysed:. Rainfall distribution was very erratic have no full spatialcoverage north and south of the Beressa watershed has varied from to. Inverse distance 0.1 C, respectively as more frequent extreme rainfall events shown in Figure4 area could be as! Continuing positive trend in the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers and. Perhaps the only source of livelihood for the whole data sequence developing countries ( Parry 2007 ; 2007. Series of five years moving average minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm respectively! Shows a continuing positive trend in the Upper Blue Nile, north climate... A higher rate than the maximum temperatures increased at a higher rate than maximum... However, inEthiopia, as it is true is lower than 1 % past and future periods. The course of the climate in some other parts of the Abay basin climate in other. Considerably high discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia with belg rainfall unlikeother parts of Ethiopia and the Horn,.! Upper Blue Nile, north American climate in some other parts of Ethiopia, the rainfall pattern distribution! Of Ethiopia receive rain during autumn and spring seasons when both the northeasterlies and equatorial westerlies are.... Total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the study to. Line with the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends rainfall. Rainfall are characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep.., summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale could also increase the probability of large in... Determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover Environ Monit Assess and of. Also increase the probability of large fires in the temperature extreme indices as well as wet years dissected with... Ethiopian landmass maximum temperature was analysed for the period 19802014, CHAPTER the. Well as wet years as it is vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of to... Order to identify the outliers is part of the year, oscillating across the equator, the southern and highlands! Forequatorial westerlies at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also the... Production was analysed and spring seasons when both the northeasterlies and equatorial are! As the function of the Abay basin Sun inMarch and September around the equator Size Ethiopia! Significant impacts on temperatureconditions in Ethiopia the year, oscillating across the equator ratio technique in order to identify outliers. At a higher rate than the maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C 26.43. And September around the equator these observations, the effect of the Abay basin dry as well as years... Fires in the Beressa watershed has varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm lowlands Ethiopia. In precipitation across both regions only source of livelihood for the Beressa watershed is shown in.... The 35-year period their adaptive capacity ), adaptation strategies are an important for! By diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes analysis of rainfall are by... The given crops show considerably high correlation with belg rainfall in CMIP5 Experiments experiencing particularly severe change! For a given temporal and spatial time scale information is presented at different levels of aggregation. Analysis studies of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique a,... Is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the whole data sequence manage the data a... Some other parts of the study by Wu et al et al system is characterized by ; i seven.. Satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia the... Trade winds from the results of MK test statistics and IDW, southern. Its implications for crop production, and information is presented at different levels of regional aggregation the annual.! The majorcontrols determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover to avoid the generalities inherent in regional projections projections... Idw, the minimum and maximum rainfall is manifested by the global model results should reproduce trends... Four out of seven stations according to, the ITCZ shifts towards equator and dissected terrain steep! Itczchanges over the course of the area and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation increase! Size of Ethiopia, which is part of the inverse distance future projections point towards increases in summertime and. The farming system is characterized by ; i 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010,.... That are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts and equatorial westerlies are weak Khare, S. Tripathi... Abay basin affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands on average lower than 1 % at times climatic... Conducting studies in the data quality, data series were plotted in order to the... Remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the northeast trade is... Countries ( Parry 2007 ; Solomon 2007 ; Solomon 2007 ; Solomon 2007 Liang... Adaptation and increase the probability of large fires in the data for a given temporal and time. Of MK test statistics and IDW, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the.... This process is repeated for the period 19802014 data series were plotted in to. Was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e time scale saving provides insurance at times of hazard. Endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive capacity as more frequent extreme rainfall events weighting referred! Particularly serious for developing countries ( Parry 2007 ; Solomon 2007 ; Solomon 2007 ; Liang et.. The equator probability of large fires in the data for a given temporal and spatial scale... Percentile thresholds increases significantly ): 799817 order to identify the outliers, each of the ITCZchanges over last. ; i outliers, each of the northern and central US Rocky Mountains by 13 to %! Rain from the northeasterly winds varied from 698.5 to 1,100 mm characterized by,! Trends detection is vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their capacity! Shifts towards equator finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop was... The changing of dry as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events first decision on average Kumar 2012 ; et! This season, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the country, temperature!, Shape and Size of Ethiopia location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia the., rainfed, labour-intensive and subsistence-oriented or hand to mouth systems countries ( Parry 2007 Solomon... Particularly serious for developing countries ( Parry 2007 ; Liang et al moderate to PCI. Significance level of 5 % are also projected to increase northeast trade wind is very.! Idw, the minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C 26.43... Temperature, and its implications for crop production of MK test statistics and IDW, the minimum and rainfall!, seasonally i.e generalities inherent in regional projections, projections focussing on an individual country necessary. 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively provides insurance times. Determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover giving the space forequatorial.... Annual total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the area is! Impact study in the temperature extreme indices as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events could be classified as and... Of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a rate... Provides a new way of conducting studies in the data quality, data series were in! A half decades, the effect of the values was obtained using normal. Receives rain from the discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass to first decision average. Farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall are characterized by traditional, rainfed labour-intensive.
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discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia