But the East African nation is clearly maneuvering its relations between big powers like China and Russia. All sides wished to secure a military victory, but they lacked the ability to do so in the near term, and so they began to prepare for a prolonged conflict. [369] In February, pro-government groups called on their supporters in Ethiopia and the diaspora to combat what they called "TPLF fake news" online. [53], In retaliation,[128] an Ethiopian offensive was launched on 4 November, which was accompanied by the declaration of a state of emergency, the creation of the State of Emergency Inquiry Board[129] and a shutdown of government services in the Tigray Region. 2 min. [95] On 2 April 2018, Ethiopian parliament elected Abiy as prime minister. A Sudanese soldier later claimed that Ethiopian forces had launched artillery attacks on them and intruded into the Jebel al-Teyyour area, located 7 kilometres inside Sudan. After the 2020 general election was postponed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the TPLF and some other opposition leaders accused Abiy of delaying the vote to stay in power. "[216] Many countries also urged citizens to leave the country.[216]. The war was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other.. After years of increased tensions and hostilities between the TPLF and the governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea . [345], In February 2021, GOAL Ethiopia, the International Rescue Committee (IRC), MCMDO, MSF-Spain, and World Vision, found that nearly one in seven children in 16 woredas and town administrations across Tigray were acutely malnourished. [180] On 30 June 2021, the TDF had entered the town of Shire, some 140 kilometres (87mi) northwest of Mekelle, after it had been abandoned by Eritrean troops. Today, the government-affiliated Ethiopian Human Rights Commission said Tigrayan rebels killed scores of civilians in the Amhara region on suspicion of being informants, supporting Abiy's. Ethiopia's government and rebels from the country's Tigray region said Wednesday they were ready to attend peace talks after the African Union invited both parties to negotiations in South Africa. TheEPRDF selectedAbiy Ahmed, of the Oromo ethnic group, as hissuccessor and he was soon elected prime minister. [194] On 11 August, the TDF and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) announced an alliance to overthrow Abiy Ahmed's government, saying they were also in talks with other rebel groups to establish a "grand coalition. [230], On 24 March 2022, the Ethiopian government declared an indefinite humanitarian truce, in order to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid into Tigray. 482 (EXT.OS/XXXII) 2021", "Probe in Ethiopia's Tigray did not reach site of Axum attack: UN", "Millions of children in Tigray remain out of reach, despite access agreement UNICEF", "UN 'frustration' at lack of access to Tigray", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: About 2.3 million children cut off from aid, UN says", "More than two million children in Ethiopia's Tigray region cut off from humanitarian aid, UN says", "Ethiopia: EU suspends budget support over Tigray conflict", "OCHA: ETHIOPIA TIGRAY REGION HUMANITARIAN UPDATE", United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "U.S. agency says Tigrayan forces looted aid warehouses in Ethiopia's Amhara region", "Tigray rebels loot humanitarian warehouses", "Tigray: almost one in three children under five malnourished, UN says", "Ethiopia: Half of Tigray in 'severe' food shortage", "WFP Chief Alleges TPLF Stole Fuel Designated for Humanitarian Use", "Statement by Executive Director of WFP on seizure of humanitarian fuel supplies in Tigray", "Ethiopia's Tigray runs out of medical supplies as malaria spreads", "Analysis: Tigray's largest hospital "doomed to collapse soon" due to lack of medical supplies, doctors warn as hospital death rate surpass ten percent", "Ethiopia's Tigray running out of medical supplies, WHO warns", "In Pictures: World Refugee Day: No Safe Haven in Tigray", "More than a million displaced in Tigray as Ethiopian PM warns of 'final' offensive against region", "Tigray refugees in cramped Sudanese camps fear coronavirus outbreak", "Ethiopia: Northern Ethiopia Access Snapshot (September 2021)", "News: Over half a million people newly displaced in Tigray, Afar and Amhara since militarized conflict resumed in August: UN", "Ethiopia Tigray Region Humanitarian Update Situation Report, 13 March 2021 Ethiopia", "Ethiopia's Amhara seize disputed territory amid Tigray conflict", "Eritrean Refugees Caught in Crossfire of Ethiopia's Tigray War", "Ethiopian government begins offensive in Tigray capital city of Mekelle", "Ethiopia: UN says 20,000 refugees missing in Tigray which are believed to have been detained by Eritrean forces and forcibly sent back for punishment by the Government", "Ethiopia's cracking down in Tigray. [379] In November 2021 (during the 20212022 state of emergency), the Ethiopian Media Authority (EMA) threatened to cancel the media licences of BBC News, Reuters, CNN and Associated Press, accusing the news organisations of having "consistently disseminated news that sowed seeds of animosity among people and compromised the sovereignty of the country." [172] On 21 May, Ethiopia's military prosecutors convicted 3 soldiers of rape and pressed charges against over 50 others suspected of killing civilians in Tigray or committing rape and other forms of sexual violence. The Sudanese government emphasized its keenness on the unity, security, and stability of neighboring Ethiopia more than once. [315] There were "deeply distressing reports of sexual and gender-based violence, extrajudicial killings, [and the] widespread destruction and looting of public and private property by all parties" according to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. "[63], After a successful government counter-offensive in response, and then a series of negotiations with the TPLF, Ethiopia declared an indefinite humanitarian truce on 24 March 2022, in order to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid into Tigray. Article 62.9 grants the House of Federation the right to "order Federal intervention if any State [government], in violation of [the] Constitution, endangers the constitutional order. In response to the killings, Sudan started to build up its military along the border with Ethiopia. [244] By mid-September, reports emerged of Eritrea engaging in mass mobilization of the country's reservists to be sent to Tigray. [338][339], According to the United Nations (UN), some 2.3 million children have been cut off from desperately needed aid and humanitarian assistance. [372][373], Researchers found that groups use tactics such as "copy and paste" campaigns hosted on websites, which include instructions for opening new accounts, copying and pasting pre-written tweets, and tagging influencers. [363], Since then, the area has been under the de facto control of Amhara regional authorities. Tedros of trying to procure arms for the Tigray state's dominant political party in addition to . Following the outbreak of war between the Ethiopian government and the Tigray region in November 2020, the Sudanese army deployed its forces to the border in the east to protect its lands and prevent the warring parties from launching any military operations from within Sudan. Eritrean Foreign Minister Osman Salih on Monday blamed Ethiopia's Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) rebels for provoking a "major war" in Tigray. The Tigray rebels were due to disarm within 30 days of the accord but are yet to fully disband their fighting force. [316] As of August 2021, there were 512 to 514 rape victims registered with Ethiopian hospitals;[317][318] however, the real number is probably much larger than that and can be as large as 120,000 by some estimations,[319] and many sources believe the sexual violence in Tigray was intentionally committed with the purpose of destroying the morale of the enemy, to genocide and genetically cleanse certain populations, and to spread STIs as a form of biological warfare. 'Supporting Gumuz rebels' The armed Gumuz militia has been unleashing brutal ethnic attacks on ethnic minorities in Ethiopia's western Benishangul-Gumuz state, where the dam is located. The French and German foreign ministers arrived in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, on Thursday on a mission to support the peace agreement signed last year to end two years of war in the . [81] An estimated 385,000600,000 people have been killed,[44] and war rape became a "daily" occurrence, with girls as young as 8 and women as old as 72 being raped, often in front of their families. It is pushing a misleading narrative that projects the Tigray fighters as victims and the Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed as some sort of an aggressor. [171][53] This resulted in the TDF growing in strength and the concept of secession from Ethiopia gaining popularity in Tigray, a stance which was considered likely to inflame Amhara-Tigray territorial disputes. [350][351], In late October 2022, it was revealed that the Tigray Region was running out of medical supplies, with the CEO of their largest hospital saying it was "doomed to collapse soon. [185] He called on other regions of Ethiopia to mobilise their special forces. [192][193] On 9 August, UNICEF executive director Henrietta Fore expressed concern about reports that over 200 people, including 100 children, had been killed in attacks on displaced families sheltering at a health facility and a school in the Afar Region. Ethiopia's military accused World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Thursday of supporting and trying to procure arms and diplomatic backing for Tigray state's dominant . Despite the progress made, many are still hard to reach due to ongoing fighting. So, what makes Ethiopia so important that the UAE too decided to defy the US and back Addis Ababa? [385], Several proposals for peace negotiations and mediation were made involving some of the main groups involved in the war. [360], UNICEF stated that by the end of September 2022, around 574,000 more people in Afar, Amhara and Tigray were left displaced after fighting resumed in August 2022; they also reported that over 870,000 had become refugees. [298][299][300][301] According to the EU's special envoy to Ethiopia, Pekka Haavisto, senior members of the Ethiopian government called for "wip[ing] out" all Tigrayans for 100 years. [67][68][69][70] Mass extrajudicial killings of civilians have taken place throughout, including in Axum,[71] Bora,[72] Chenna,[73][74] Kobo,[75][76] the Hitsats refugee camp,[77] Humera,[78] Mai Kadra,[69][79] the Debre Abay monastery,[72][80] and Zalambessa. [234][235], In late August 2022, after months of ceasefire, fighting resumed. [249] On September 27, an airstrike allegedly carried out by Eritrea struck the northern town of Adi Dairo while it was celebrating Meskel, killing at least six civilians and injured 19 more. Such clear support from Russia and the UAE is allowing Ethiopian troops to make rapid advances against the Tigray fighters. [161] The same month, Somalia's information minister, Osman Abukar Dubbe, confirmed Somali soldiers were training in Eritrea, but denied any of these troops had been sent to Tigray. [176][177] Ethiopian soldiers, police and administrators were seen leaving, ahead of the occupation by the TDF. The conflict errupted in November 2020 when Abiy Ahmed deployed the army in a bid to topple Tigrayan leaders who had been challenging his authority for months. Recently, in a speech made at the UN general assembly, President Biden mentioned the need for an African Union-led peace initiative regarding the conflict, a position long held by Ethiopia, but one the rebels disparaged, with their spokesman accusing the AU assigned chief mediator, Olusegun Obasanjo as being too close to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The Ethiopian government declared the election void, leading to an outbreak of violence between the two sides. [371] Pro-government groups used tactics similar to those of pro-Tigray groups to push their narrative of the conflict, though as of 5 February, pro-government campaigns had produced fewer Tweets overall. [322][323] Such sexual violence is often accompanied with other forms of physical and mental abuse, including burning their victims with hot iron or cigarettes, forcing metal rods or nails into their victim's genitals,[323][315] raping their victim in front of their family members, forcing their victims to rape their family members, calling their victims by derogatory words and ethnic slurs, etc. In the mid-1970s, a small group of militiamen founded the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). The group. The EMA cited "reporting the Law enforcement operation as a genocidal campaign" as an example of misleading information aiming to "undermin[e] the [federal] government's efforts to address the humanitarian crisis in the Tigray region. 1606. In fact, many of the Caracal International products are in service with a special Ethiopian force called the Republican Guard (RG), which is tasked with defending Ethiopian officials and key buildings. [120] Ethiopian elite units were transported to Gherghera base near Asmara, as part of an alleged pact between Prime Minister Abiy and Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki to "strike out of existence the TPLF," according to former Eritrean Minister of Defence Mesfin Hagos. [154] During this time fighting was reported to have taken place around Mekelle, and the ENDF had retreated from rural positions towards the city. The US has been backing the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) insurgents who have been engaged in an armed conflict with the Ethiopian government in the country's northernmost region of Tigray. Obamas legacy is painted as a rosy, revolutionary and absolutely utopic one by the American mainstream media. Whose interests is Turkey safeguarding in Sudan? Abiy kicked off a military campaign in the Tigray region, known as Operation Law enforcement, andpromised to swiftly defeat the TPLF fighters. They have also claimed the woredas (districts) of Welkait, Tegede, Kafta Humera, Tselemti, and Raya to be theirs. 9 - September 2022", "Ethiopia: UN says 20,000 refugees missing in Tigray", "Nearly half the people in Ethiopia's Tigray in 'severe' need of food aid, World Food Programme says", "Surge of dehumanizing hate speech points to mounting risk of mass atrocities in northern Ethiopia, experts say", "Ethiopia's Tigray war: The short, medium and long story", "Inside a military base in Ethiopia's Tigray: soldiers decry betrayal by former comrades", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: How a soldier survived an 11-hour gun battle", "Ethiopia war: UN investigative Human rights commission debuts 6-day visit", "Ethiopia peace deal hailed as a 'new dawn', "Agreement for Lasting Peace through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front", "Ethiopia sends army into Tigray region, heavy fighting reported", "Exclusive: U.S. thinks Eritrea has joined Ethiopian war, diplomats say", "Concern of Outright War in Ethiopia Grows as PM Presses Military Offensive", "Ethiopia says military operation in Tigray region is over, hunt for Tigray leaders begins", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Army 'takes regional capital of Mekelle', "Ethiopia: 'We are in our homeland, the invaders are attacking us,' says Tigray's Gebremichael", "In Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed's forces have won the battle but not the war", "Ethiopia's government announce ceasefire as Tigrayan troops retake region's capital", "Tigrayan and Oromo forces say they have seized towns on Ethiopian highway", "Ethiopia declares state of emergency as Tigrayan rebels gain ground", "Ethiopia's Tigray forces seek new military alliance", "Ethiopia declares unilateral truce to allow aid into Tigray", "Fighting in northern Ethiopia shatters months-long truce", "Parties in Ethiopia conflict agree to cease hostilities", "Ethiopia: Unlawful Shelling of Tigray Urban Areas", "Fleeing Ethiopians Tell of Ethnic Massacres in Tigray War", "Rapid Investigation into Grave Human Rights Violation Maikadra - Preliminary Findings", "Joint UN, Ethiopia rights team: all sides committed abuses in Tigray", "In an out-of-sight war, a massacre comes to light", "Tigray forces killed 120 civilians in village in Amhara - Ethiopia officials", "Ethiopia: Tigrayan forces murder, rape and pillage in attacks on civilians in Amhara towns", "Ethiopia: Tigray Forces Summarily Execute Civilians", "Situation Report EEPA HORN No. [212][62] On 5 November, the TPLF, OLA and other rebel groups declared the creation of a nine-group coalition, called the United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces. [58][153], After Ethiopian federal forces and their allies captured Mekelle and other major cities, forces loyal to the Tigray government began to regroup into mountainous areas of the region and reorganized under the banner of the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF). [364], In March 2021, Mulu Nega, then leader of the federal-government-appointed Transitional Government of Tigray, stated that Amhara de facto administrators of Western Tigray used violence against ethnic Tigrayans and forcibly displaced them. Your email address will not be published. [65] Rapid mobilization of troops soon followed, with Ethiopia, Eritrea and Tigray reportedly organizing hundreds of thousands of troops against each other by October the same year. The operation resulted in the killing of more than 50 militants and the injury of more than 70 others. "[54][55] Federal allied forces captured Mekelle, the capital of the Tigray Region, on 28 November, after which Abiy declared the operation "over. [358] By March 2021, Shire had become a major centre for internally displaced people and humanitarian aid distribution. [117][118] Ethiopia considered the Tigray election to be illegal, and responded by slashing federal funding to the region, a decision the TPLF described as "tantamount to declaration of war. The chief executive of the interim. [11][279][280][281][282] As early as December 2020, there were unconfirmed rumors that Emirati drones were being stationed in the Eritrean port city of Assab. [348] According to the World Food Programme, while international aid had technically been allowed into the region during the 2022 ceasefire, in practice, very little aid was reaching the people that needed it most, largely due to fuel not being made available in these area. Tedros served as Ethiopia's health minister and foreign minister from 2005-2016 in a ruling coalition led by the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). The fighters havemanaged to recruitalliesand areapproaching the capital, Addis Ababa. But Tigrayans managed to turn the tide. [367], Claire Wilmot, writing in The Washington Post, found that a significant number of new, single-issue Twitter accounts were opened in the immediate aftermath of the Northern Command attacks. . Ethiopia consists of three main ethnic communities: The Oromo and the Amhara felt that they were being marginalized by the Tigray minority under the rule of a TPLF-dominated coalition, which funelled a large share of national resources into the Tigray region. The government has responded to the rebellion with a counterinsurgency offensive. [201][202] General Tsadkan Gebretensae, member of the central command of the TDF said both sides had been preparing for the offensive for months, and predicted that battle would be "decisive. The Tigray War has been the subject of numerous reactions and protests worldwide. Ethiopian government forces and their allies have been fighting against the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the ruling party of the country's northern region, for just over a year. [109][110], Throughout 2020, tensions between the federal government and the TPLF escalated in the months leading up to November. The Tigray War was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 to 3 November 2022. The Ethiopian government denied involvement in the killing. [125][126][47][105] Several people were killed and the TPLF claimed the attack was carried out in self-defence[127][107] or preemptive self-defense. Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, congratulated Ethiopias Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who got re-elected to lead his country for another five-year term. [188][189] Following the TDF's counter-attack on two districts of his region, the Amhara regional President, Agegnehu Teshager, called for the total mobilisation of all people of all ages who are armed in the region to fight against the Tigrayans. A military spokesperson for Ethiopia, Colonel Dejene Tsegaye, announced that Mekelle would be shelled, and told Tigray civilians to flee the city because Ethiopian forces would show no mercy. [187], While the Tigray government claimed it only entered Afar to target federal forces, experts believe their aim was to sever a portion of National Highway A1, a vital trade route for landlocked Ethiopia, linking the capital of Addis Ababa to the Port of Djibouti, from which most of its petroleum products are imported. But since June 2021, the Ethiopian army has endured continued setbacks and, Opinion: Ethiopia at risk of Balkanization, Ethiopia: War in Tigray continues as government stays silent, Tigrayan forces advance toward Ethiopian capital, Olaf Scholz at Davos: 2022 'challenged us as never before', World in 'sorry state' UN chief Guterres, Davos: Social entrepreneurs eye real change, Egyptian activists: We need to talk about abortion, Japan nuclear plant execs acquitted over Fukushima disaster, 'When you see antisemitism, act immediately'. 235 ], Several proposals for peace negotiations and mediation were made involving of! Addis Ababa the injury of more than 50 militants and the UAE is allowing troops., Kafta Humera, Tselemti, and Raya to be sent to Tigray to swiftly defeat the TPLF fighters the... 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