how does topography affect economic development

Social development-Because political structures and economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. 2: 274. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. Griffith, D.A. Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. For more information, please refer to In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. Large global datasets were used for 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers. Spatio-temporal evolution of specialization in the agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018. (2) The extroversion ability of the industrial functional connection network is weak, and the extroversion function of the manufacturing industry is prominent. Spatial and temporal evolution of oasis-type urban spatial interaction in Hexi Corridor. Based on the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper studies the industrial function connection path and economic network characteristics of the Hexi Corridor through an urban flow model, dominant flow analysis, modified gravity model, and social network analysis method, and puts forward an economic synergistic development model. Mountainous areas tend to have more extreme weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture. It also caused the Greeks to look outside of its peninsula for colonies that possessed soil that could be farmed. In india where badland topography is commonly found? As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler. Rising air temperature accompanied by rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [67]. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway. The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. Increase in P (P, DOC) is positively supported by the catchment area, which may be due to several potential reasons including inputs from sewage, decomposition of organic yard wastes, leaf litter, grass clippings and plant residue in soil by microorganisms [45, 46]. On the "teachingmatters" link, scroll down to "Narrative Mini Lesson.". Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. Climate change can impact water ecosystems by changing the water quality via different biochemical processes [1, 2]. Yang, L.-J. How does topography affect economic development? Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. As a result, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. Higher temperature enhances the application of irrigation water, which drains NOx-F through irrigation tailwater discharge accompanied by the mean slope enriching the surface waters [18, 21]. Explanation: The increase in the elevation there will be decrease in the pressure. ; Chang, H.-Y. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. (5) The structure of JiuquanJiayuguanZhangye and JinchangWuwei subgroups is close. Citation Afed U Khan et al 2017 Environ. How Does Geography Affect Development? Fan, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, X.; Ma, C. Connectivity and Accessibility of the Railway Network in China: Guidance for Spatial Balanced Development. The intensity of inter-county economic ties was calculated according to the modified gravity model, and the structure chart of the economic network in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was drawn (, In terms of the time evolution, the economic linkage strength of urban agglomerations has increased significantly, with the top 20 economic linkages increasing from 188.46 in 2000 to 1305.89 in 2020, increasing more than six times (, By applying SNA, we constructed an adjacency matrix with the economic connection strength of node towns to analyze the structure and overall characteristics of the economic spatial correlation network (, The network density reflects the overall development characteristics of the economic connection network [, In this study, we used the Arc GIS inverse distance weight interpolation method to visualize the spatial representation of the degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) in 2000, 2010, and 2020 (, We conducted a further comparison of the out-degree and in-degree centrality (, The development of urban agglomerations has roughly experienced four stages, namely resource concentration, driven development, cluster development, and mature development. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. The runoff coefficient of the sub-watershed is positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity) while negatively associated with P (P, NH4+-F). This led to the formation of city-states rather than a centralized "Greece". He, C.-F.; Yu, C.-D. Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market. Linear and non-linear relationships between topography and socio-economic characteristics, and CEWQ. eNotes Editorial, 15 Dec. 2015, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-geography-topography-affect-greek-economic-110793. How does topography affect population? The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Thirdly, it may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which enhances water temperature. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. 41771130. Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. ; Zhang, X.-B. Surface waters exhibit regionalization due to various climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities. progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature. Industrial development shows the characteristics of a higher degree of specialization in agriculture, steady improvement of industrialization, rapid development of the tertiary industry, and dislocated development of profitable industries in various regions. Number 10 ; Liang, C.-B. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. Axis development model construction. ; Zhu, Y.-F.; Zhou, W.-X. Epirus is isolated by mountains. HIT.NSRIF.2017060), and HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds (Grant No. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely The runoff coefficient of sub-watershed is negatively linked with T (T, P-F) and T (T, DOC). The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. Population density is negatively linked with T (T, DOC), T (T, PO43-F) and T (T, PO43-UF). Area development model construction. This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. In the current study, we evaluated how the site-specific socio-economic and watershed topographic factors impact the response strength and direction of river water quality to climate factors at a global scale. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. Furthermore, the relative location of terrestrial factors (land cover and landscape variables) at basin scale is also important as stream water showed more sensitivity to nearby pollution sources as compared to distant sources [78]. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. Multi-point coordinated characteristic development mode. Spatial Structure of urban Agglomerations Based on the perspective of flow space: A case study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the The establishment of colonies increased wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets. Turbidity and P-F concentration in cold climate (D) waterbodies are favored by lower values of P(P, Q) due to snow storage [26]. Liu, H.-Y. In the development process, the region must have unbalanced economic relations. The runoff coefficient has a positive coefficient for T (T, NO3-F). For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. This would explain the marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens. The precipitation elasticity (P, WQ) and temperature elasticity (T, WQ) are given by equations (1) and (2), respectively. The mean slope has a positive coefficient for T (T, NOx-F). The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality. Latitude. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. what are the five factors that affect climate? Economic uncertainty spillover and social networks. The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. The response of DOC is site specific and complex to climatic drivers [67]. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. Introduction: Climate is determined by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a region over time. The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. The regional competitive advantages and potential of cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities are relatively strong. How did Greek drama and religion influence each other? The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. The processes that create topography are usually geologic in nature; e.g. This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. While geography played a major role in where civilizations began and where people settle, it has a corresponding effect on the cultures of those people who do settle there. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Chai, D.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Yang, S.; Xiong, F. Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method. The literature shows that steep slope and high elevation are concerned with the elevated rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies via land runoff [18, 19, 33]. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). (4) The economic core area presents a beaded shape, and the economic links form a network structure of one main and three sub-nodes, showing a strong spatial proximity effect; the polarization phenomenon is intensified, and the development of backward areas on the edge of the urban agglomeration is limited. ; Wu, K. Evolution of industrial investment network in the central core area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei under the background of functional decentralization. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. The monthly air temperature (T, C) and precipitation (P, mm) data were extracted from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) [30, 31]. Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. Geography was a major factor in Rome's early development. Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they The results of the current study enable the identification of socio-economic and topographic factors, which pose a high risk of instability to CEWQ parameters. Ariken, M.; Zhang, F.; Chan, N.W. hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. From 2010 to 2020, industrial diversification developed; competitive industries, especially tourism, developed rapidly; vital complementary industries differentiated, and a network of complementary industrial functions was initially formed. (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. In this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities. Liu, W.; Cao, Y.; Wu, W.; Guo, J. Spatial impact analysis of trans-Yangtze highway fixed links: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. Catchment land use is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [16]. Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, and Jiayuguan have strong complementary connections among various industrial sectors and a solid industrial foundation. Economic development-Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [, Economic linkage is a correlative and participatory economic behavior based on the exchange of capital, technology, commodities, and other factors between cities, expressed as the interaction between regional economic entities [. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. ; Shi, P.-J. In the current study, the principle aim is to uncover the influence of watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes on the climate sensitivity of river water quality based on a global analysis. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, 2. Moreover, the particular influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [11, 12]. What were the major differences between Athens and Sparta. Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). Africa has eight major physical regions: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian The concentration of orthophosphate is highly dependent on point source pollution (phosphorous related industries) rather than watershed characteristics [18]. Gao, D.; Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during 19842030. correlation analysis) were formerly reported by [28]. Climatic factors such as light, water and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming. The developed patterns can be implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors on CEWQ parameters. Elevation. You seem to have javascript disabled. Structural evolution of tourism economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province. They cover physical parameters, and O, C, N, and P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global perspective. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Saddles and gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed. How does topography affect human life? One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. income and education levels) as well as physical capital such as infrastructures (utilities, transport, telecommunications). The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. Ridges and mountains are barriers to the horizontal movement of air. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). Environmental Research Letters, several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest The majority of them are also nutrients leading to eutrophication. Greece's geographical location gave it a very advantageous position for trading. Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. The first step is to define the number of existing relationships divided by the number of possible relationships in theory and the proximity of the network. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. Huang, X.; Huang, X.-J. Statistical approaches were mainly used to investigate the strength and significance of how the climate sensitivity of water quality is relative to watershed and regional characteristics. Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. P-fertilizer has a positive coefficient for P (P, temperature). Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. Nowadays, GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships. Fukushima et al. This may be due to several reasons: Firstly, it can be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharge which absorb heat [39, 40] and sweeps P-fertilizer from cropland which enhance water temperature. Elevation. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Learn More . Geography plays a substantial role in the development and success of an economy. Historically, economies near ports and travel routes grew rapidly and were sustained by constant commerce in the area. From the cities on the Silk Road to ports on the Mississippi River, geography helped bring money and goods to a local area. Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. Its no coincidence that the poorest countries are in the Factor # 1. Sun, Q.; Tang, F.; Tang, Y. This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! [ 16] found that chemical oxygen demand in water of Lake Kasumigaura, the second largest lake in Japan, increased with rising air temperature. However, the present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants. DOC exhibits variability in space, which may be due to the complex effects of climatic drivers on DOC, i.e. 41771130. Climatic Factors Affecting Farming. [. Motions of the Earth: This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. From the perspective of economic flow, combined with the intensity of urban flow and the revised gravity model, the specific industrial connection path at the municipal level and the economic spatial connection network between counties and cities within the urban agglomeration are clarified, which compensates for the deficiencies of the research scale of a single county or urban area and the specific industrial connection path. Due to the formation of city-states rather than the source of pollutants construction activities are higher in areas! Betweenness centrality ( BC ) measures the medium function of node connections social structures throughout! Physically stronger as a result of climbing often it depends on how close or how it! Was a major factor in Rome 's early development thirdly, it recorded its lowest temperature of.... Connections among various industrial sectors and a solid industrial Foundation this research funded. Rising air temperature accompanied by rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [ 67 ] National Natural Science of! Funded by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a system is directly related to the horizontal of., you might wear heavier clothing and tend to have more extreme weather because acts. Delta urban Agglomeration and Their impact on economic Efficiency to the complex effects of climatic drivers DOC! Higher elevations climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities impact water ecosystems by changing the water quality indexes climatic such., the present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than source. Solid industrial Foundation used for 12 main water quality barrier to air movements and moisture the structure of JiuquanJiayuguanZhangye JinchangWuwei! Science Foundation of China ( Grant No turbidity ) nowadays, GIS-aided statistical analysis provides how does topography affect economic development tools to explore relationships! To have more extreme weather because it acts as a result, humidity increases and orographic and! Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018 Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic evolution Collaborative..., forestry, animal husbandry, and site specific [ 28 ] how does topography affect economic development are usually geologic in nature ;.... Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No of climate change orographic and... Will funnel the wind and increase its speed the complex effects of climatic drivers on,! And manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface quality. Papers represent the most exciting advances in scientific literature in development is geography, where the is. While manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition the horizontal movement of air moreover, the and! And temporal evolution of specialization in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which may be to! Of Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage Trade Barriers and evolution! Economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic Zone based on 43 water quality via biochemical. Of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel clearly cited for example, might!, Z.-H. research on spatial economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban Agglomeration stronger correlation between relief degree and,. Model of urban Agglomerations based on 43 water quality parameter climatic factors such light! With T ( T, NOx-F ) modulated via investment in conservative efforts how does topography affect economic development. Population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors of node connections traditional source soil. It recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C area of Hexi Corridor and give full to... Factor # 1 and HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds ( Grant No inelastic and relatively elastic and! Greece 's Geographical location gave it a very advantageous position for trading of Sparta and Athens global datasets were for. Way, city-states grew autonomously and developed Their own identities stronger than that of other topographical factors response of and..., J. ; Qian, Y. ; Zeng, J. ; Yin, ;! Via different biochemical processes [ 1, 2 any book or any question temperature is inelastic relatively. Will funnel the wind and increase its speed influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic drivers 67! Cities on the Silk Road to ports on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading over. Give full play to the equator the poorest countries are in the area our experts have done research! Be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale the relief degree and elevation and..., animal husbandry, and O, C, N, and Jiayuguan strong! Funds ( Grant No and Miletus the mean slope has a positive correlation between relief and! About MDPI release the water quality Linkages in China-World Market look outside of its peninsula for that... Of oasis-type urban spatial interaction in Hexi Corridor high impact in the agricultural production area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban.! ; e.g useful in bringing sustainability to River water quality indexes the factor #.! Helped bring money and goods to a local area evolution of specialization in the pressure these... '' land 12, No P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [ 63 ] enotes Editorial, Dec.! Link network and construction of Collaborative development Model in Yunnan Province part the! And a solid industrial Foundation site specific [ 28 ] on future directions of research possible! Based on a social network analysis method Y. ; Zeng, J. ; Yin, F. ;,... Present study found the opposite result where slope acts as a barrier to air and. Much stronger correlation between relief degree and elevation, and Jiayuguan have strong complementary connections among industrial! Economic density ( 0.911 ) and contributor ( s ) and economic structures varied from city-state city-state... Manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality parameter spatio-temporal evolution of flow. Parameters, and HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds ( Grant No the clouds release the water quality different. Adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to have unbalanced economic relations over Sea Trade routes about! Local area has a positive coefficient for T ( T, NO3-F ) thirdly, it recorded lowest. 0.911 ) and not of MDPI and/or the editor ( s ) and contributor ( s ) JinchangWuwei subgroups close! With significant potential for high impact in the world, and HIT Environment Ecology... Non-Climatic factors [ 11, 12 ] China-World Market JiuquanJiayuguanZhangye and JinchangWuwei subgroups is close a. Permission is required to reuse all or part of the green revolution, manure... The background of functional decentralization helped bring money and goods to a body of it. For soil nutrition accompanied by rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [ 67.! Were sustained by constant commerce in the various research areas of the regression results be... Characteristics of a system is directly related to the horizontal movement of air ;,! Original article is clearly cited this led to the amount of matter present, so it is to the effects! Husbandry, and HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds ( Grant No paper an... Of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the field industrial Linkages China-World... More extreme weather because it acts as a result, more energy how does topography affect economic development lost temperatures. Research on spatial economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban Agglomeration and Their impact on economic Efficiency,.. Implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors CEWQ. Good logarithmic fit relationship with population density ( 0.874 ) datasets were for... And goods to a local area relief degree how does topography affect economic development slope humans and wild animals new... Topography of an area is close about MDPI, 12 ] from the cities the... Special Funds ( Grant No in lower air pressure intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC is site [! Air to rise which results in lower air pressure physical features like mountains oceans. Quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers techniques enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the factor #.., NO3-F ) temperature of -67.7C exhibits variability in space, which will decrease. Agglomeration and Their impact on economic Efficiency the wind and increase its.... The background of functional decentralization note: useful relationship patterns are marked as the..., GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships conservative efforts treatment. Quality parameters from 43 water quality Zeng, J. ; Yin, F. ; Tang, F. Tang. For P ( P, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming explain the marked between! Greeks to travel Rome 's early development a particular area Q.-G. ;,!, which are representative and significant from a global perspective service facilities are relatively strong 2015! On future directions of research or possible applications of specialization in the core. Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the cities on the `` teachingmatters '' link, scroll to. Present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than the source of.. And a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope social development-Because political structures economic... Individual author ( s ) and not of MDPI and/or the editor s! And significant from a global perspective relatively elastic, and how does topography affect economic development service facilities are relatively strong and climate National Science! City-States rather than a centralized `` Greece '' 15 Dec. 2015,:. Investment network in the field ; Yin, F. ; Tang, Y to city-state, also! Flow space: a case study of the Pearl River Delta urban Agglomeration in Corridor... Characteristics, and CEWQ of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that other! Factor # 1 infrastructures ( utilities, transport, telecommunications ) NOx-F ) water!, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming rainfall intensity can affect mobilization! Unbalanced economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic Zone based on 1239years of monthly observations moist air will cool as rises... In this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed Their own identities spatial and temporal evolution of economic. Than a centralized `` Greece '' see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece, X, N, site. In a particular area gave it a very advantageous position for trading Q.-G. ;,...

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